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    • Materials
      • Metals
      • Non-Metals
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      • Materials General
      • Materials Corrosion

    Metals

    Alloy 625 piping - Introduction

    Nickel piping - Introduction

    Titanium piping - Introduction

    Cast Iron Piping - Introduction

    Copper Nickel Piping - Introduction

    Carbon Steel in Piping Systems

    Stainless Steel in Piping Systems

    Piping Material Selection - Piping Material List with ASTM Grades

    ASTM Designations for Piping Materials

    Minimum Temperature without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials

    Corrosion Resistant Overlay/Clad UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) Piping

    Lined Piping

    Plastic Lined piping - Introduction

    Glass Lined Piping - Introduction

    Cement Lined Piping - Introduction

    Materials General

    Unified Numbering System (UNS)

    Piping Material Considerations for Sour Service Applications

    Guidelines for Positive Material Identification (PMI)

    Piping Materials in Piping Design

    Materials Corrosion

    Corrosion and Types of Corrosion

    What is Hydrogen Induced Cracking

    Corrosion Monitoring in Piping Systems

    Non- Metals

    CPVC piping - Introduction

    PVC piping - Introduction

    FRP piping - Introduction

    PE and HDPE piping

    RTRP (GRE GRP GRV) Piping Specification & Performance Testing

    Example-1 of RTRP Piping Class for Fire Water Piping

  • Valves
    • Valves
      • Valves General
      • Gate Valve
      • Globe Valve
      • Check Valve
      • Ball Valve
      • Plug Valve
      • Butterfly Valve
      • Diaphragm Valve

    Valves General

    Introduction to Valves in Piping Systems

    Valves - Fundamentals of Valve Design and Construction

    Valve Seat Leakage Rates as per API 598

    Valve Seat Leakage Rates Comparison

    Valve Standards - Manufacture Inspection and Testing

    API Valves - Trim Number Chart

    The Basics of Float Switches

    Industrial Valves Low Fugitive Emission (LFE) Standards Comparison

    Gate Valve

    Data Sheet for Gate Valve - Class 150 Fire Water Service

    Gate Valves - Introduction, Types, Applicable Codes and Standards

    Online Gate Valve Data Sheet Generator

    Cv Flow Coefficients of Gate Valves

    Globe Valve

    Globe Valve - Introduction

    Online Globe Valve Data Sheet Generator

    Check Valve

    Check Valve - Introduction

    Crucial Role Of Check Valves In Piping Systems

    Ball Valve

    Ball Valve - Introduction

    Cv Flow Coefficients of Ball Valve

    Standard API 6D Shell and Seat Test requirements

    DBB or DIB pipeline ball valve for Scraper Trap isolation

    Ball Valve Data Sheet - Blank Template

    Online Ball Valve Data Sheet Generator

    Minimum Bore Dimensions of Full Bore Valves

    Plug Valve

    Plug Valve - Introduction

    Butterfly Valve

    Butterfly Valve - Introduction

    Diaphragm Valve

    Diaphragm Valve - Introduction

  • Specials
    • Specials
      • Strainer
      • Steam Trap
      • Expansion Joint
      • Sight Glass
      • Flame Arrestor
      • Flange Guard
      • Access Fitting
      • Pig Signaller
      • Insulating Gasket Kit
      • Isolation Joint
      • Pipe Penetration Seal
      • Breather Valve

    Strainer

    Strainers - Introduction

    Steam Trap

    Steam Traps - Introduction

    Expansion Joint

    Expansion Joints - Overview

    Sight Glass

    Sight Glass - Introduction

    Flame Arrestor

    Flame Arresters - Introduction

    Flange Guard

    Flange Guards - Introduction

    Access Fitting

    Access Fittings - Introduction

    Pig Signaller

    Pig Signaller or Pig Detector - Introduction

    Insulating Gasket Kit

    Insulating Gasket Kit

    Isolation Joint

    Isolation Joint

    Pipe Penetration Seal

    Pipe Penetration Seal - Introduction

    Breather Valve

    Breather Valves - Introduction

  • Dimensions
    • Dimensions
      • Pipe Dimensions
      • Fitting Dimensions
      • Flange Dimensions
      • Valve Dimensions
      • Bolt Dimensions
      • Gasket Dimensions

    Pipe Dimensions

    Dimensions and Weights of Carbon Steel pipes

    Dimension and Weight of Stainless Steel pipes

    HDPE Pipe Dimensions and Weights - PE100 PN25 SDR 7.4

    HDPE Pipe Dimensions and Weights - PE100 PN20 SDR 9

    HDPE Pipe Dimensions and Weights - PE100 PN12.5 SDR 13.6

    HDPE Pipe Dimensions and Weights - PE100 PN10 SDR 17

    HDPE Pipe Dimensions and Weights - PE100 PN8 SDR 21

    HDPE Pipe Dimensions and Weights - PE100 PN6.4 SDR 26

    HDPE Pipe Dimensions and Weights - PE100 PN5 SDR 33

    Dimensions of PVC Pipes Sch40 as per ASTM D1785

    Dimensions of PVC Pipes Sch80 as per ASTM D1785

    Dimensions of PVC Pipes Sch120 as per ASTM D1785

    Dimensions of 20 bar rating Cu-Ni Pipes (Tubes)

    Dimensions of 16 bar rating Cu-Ni Pipes (Tubes)

    Dimensions and Weights of Carbon Steel pipes - Imperial

    Fitting Dimensions

    • Reducer Elbow and Cap - BW Dimensions
    • Weldolet Dimensions
    • Sockolet Dimensions
    • Thredolet Dimensions
    • Stub End Dimensions
    • Tee and Reducing Tee Dimensions
    • Socket Weld Fitting Dimensions

    Flange Dimensions

    Other Topics - Flange Dimensions

    • Weld Neck Flange Dimensions
    • Weld Neck Flange Dimensions-Series A
    • Weld Neck Flange Dimensions-Series B
    • Slip On Flange Dimensions
    • Socket Weld Flange Dimensions
    • Lap Joint Flange Dimensions
    • Threaded Flange Dimensions
    • Blind Flange Dimensions
    • Blind Flange Dimensions-Series A
    • Blind Flange Dimensions-Series B
    • Spectacle Blind RF Dimensions
    • Spectacle Blind Male RTJ Dimensions
    • Spectacle Blind Female RTJ Dimensions
    • Spades and Ring Spacer Dimensions
    • Orifice Flange Dimensions
    • API Flange Dimensions
    • Copper Alloy Flange Dimensions
    • DIN Flange Dimensions
    • Ring Joint Flange Dimensions

    Valve Dimensions

    • Gate Globe Check Valve Dimensions
    • Ball Valve Dimensions - Gear Operated
    • Ball Valve Dimensions - Lever Operated
    • Ball Valve Dimensions - Top Entry
    • Ball Valve Dimensions - Without Operator
    • Check Valve Dimensions - Dual Plate Wafer Type
    • Check Valve Dimensions - Dual Plate Lug Type
    • Check Valve Dimensions - Dual Plate Double Flanged Type
    • Check Valve Dimensions - Dual Plate Wafer Extended Body Type
    • Check Valve Dimensions - Swing Check Type
    • Butterfly Valve Dimensions - Wafer and Lugged Type
    • Butterfly Valve Dimensions - Flanged Type
    • Butterfy Valve Dimensions - Triple Offset Type
    • API 6A Valve Dimensions

    Gasket Dimensions

    • Flat Ring Gasket Dimensions
    • Full Face Gasket Dimensions
    • Spiral Wound Gasket Dimensions
    • Ring Joint Gasket Dimensions

    Bolt Dimensions

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 600 RF Flanges

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 1500 RF Flanges

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 2500 RF Flanges

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 300 RF Flanges

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 150 RF Flanges

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 1500 RTJ Flanges

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 600 RTJ Flanges

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 900 RF Flanges

    Stud Bolts - Root Area for Metric Threads

    Stud Bolt Dimensions for Class 900 RTJ Flanges

  • Design
    • Design
      • Process Plant Layout
      • Layout Offshore Platforms
      • Safety in Design
      • Bolt Design
      • Gasket Design
      • Flange Design
      • Pipeline Design
      • Pressure Temperature Ratings
      • Piping Design General

    Process Plant Layout

    Design of Pipe Rack - Layout Considerations

    Compressor Equipment and Piping Layout

    Applying the Principles of Inherently Safer Design in Plot Plan Development

    What is a Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

    What is a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

    Pump Piping Layout and Design

    What is Piping Engineering and Design

    Orifice Plates and Orifice Flanges for Flow Measurement

    Check List - Pig Launching and Receiving Stations

    Check List - Layout of Utility Areas

    Check List - Layout of Pumps Compressors and Air Coolers

    Modularization or Stick Built Design - Benefits and Risks

    Layout Offshore Platforms

    Offshore - Helideck Design Guidelines

    Offshore Plant Facilities - Layout Considerations

    Safety in Design

    Hydrogen Sulfide Gas

    Fire Fighting Equipments

    Life Saving Equipments

    Bolt Design

    Jackscrew Dimensions for Spectacle Blinds

    Recommended Bolt Torque Requirements for Class 150 Ring Type Joint Gaskets

    Recommended Bolt Torque Requirements for Class 1500 Ring Type Joint Gaskets

    Recommended Bolt Torque Requirements for Class 2500 Ring Type Joint Gaskets

    Recommended Bolt Torque Requirements for Class 300 Ring Type Joint Gaskets

    Recommended Bolt Torque Requirements for Class 600 Ring Type Joint Gaskets

    Recommended Bolt Torque Requirements for Class 900 Ring Type Joint Gaskets

    Calculation of Bolt Torque for Flanged Joint Assembly

    Recommended Bolt Torque for Class 150 SPWD Gaskets

    Recommended Bolt Torque for Class 300 SPWD Gaskets

    Gasket Design

    Can Ring Joint Gaskets be reused ?

    Gasket Design - Forces on a Gasketed Joint

    Gasket m and Y factors

    Gasket m factor

    Spiral Wound Gasket Design, Materials and Application

    Types of Ring Type Joint (RTJ) Gaskets

    Flange Design

    Threaded Flanges in Piping Systems

    Piping Flanges - Types of Flanges in Piping Systems

    Pressure Temperature Rating of ASME Flanges

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM B148 Alloy C95200 Flanges

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM B148 Alloy C95400 Flanges

    Pipeline Design

    Pipeline Design - Planning and Designing of Pipeline Systems

    Pipeline Pigging - Purpose, Pig Types and Procedure

    Design of Pipeline Systems - Right of Way

    Design Engineering of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines

    Pipeline Safety for Consumers Personnel and Environment

    Bitumen Pipeline Design Considerations

    Pressure Temperature Ratings

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings - Group 1.1 Materials

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings - Group 1.2 Materials

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings - Group 1.3 Materials

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings - Group 2.1 Materials

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings - Group 2.2 Materials

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings - Group 2.3 Materials

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings - Group 2.4 Materials

    Pressure-Temperature Ratings - Group 3.8 Materials

  • Stress and Supports
    • Stress and Supports
      • Stress Theory
      • Supports General
      • Support Spans
      • Spring Support
      • Snubber
      • GRE Pipe Supports
      • Structural Sections

    Stress Theory

    Modal Analysis

    Primary and Secondary Stresses in Pipes

    Stress Critical Lines

    Pipe Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Rates

    Wind Loads on Piping systems

    Acoustic Induced Vibration - AIV in Piping Systems

    Allowable Stress for Piping Materials as per ASME B31.3

    Understanding Allowable Displacement Stress Range

    When is formal flexibility analysis of piping system not required

    Calculation of Thermal Force between Two Anchors

    Thermal Expansion Coefficient for Group 1 and Group 2 materials

    Supports General

    Guidelines For Locating Supports

    Pipe Supports - Prevention of Crevice Corrosion

    Friction factor and Friction loads on piping systems

    Pipe Supports and Restraints - Types and Functions

    Support Spans

    Support span for Carbon Steel piping systems

    Support span for Copper Alloy piping systems

    Support Span for CPVC piping system

    Support Span for PVC piping system

    Pipe support span correction factors for various pipe configurations

    Spring Support

    Spring Supports

    Selection of Constant Spring Hanger Support

    Selection of Variable Spring Hanger Support

    Snubber

    Snubbers

    GRE Pipe Supports

    GRE pipe support design

    Structural Sections

    Dimensions of Steel Beams Type HEA

    Dimensions of Steel Beams Type HEB

    Dimensions of Steel Beams Type HEM

    Dimensions of Steel Beams Type IPE

    Dimensions of Steel Beams Type IPN

    Dimensions of Equal Angle Bars

  • Construction
    • Construction
      • Fabrication
      • Examination
      • Testing
      • Hot Tapping

    Fabrication

    Piping Fabrication Tolerances - Metallic Piping

    Examination

    Testing

    Procedure for Pneumatic Testing of Piping Systems

    Pneumatic Testing - Safe Distances from Stored Energy Calculations

    Piping Pipeline Preservation Mothballing: Lay-Up after Testing

    Spading List | Test Blind Log Template

    Precommissioning Check List - Example

    ASME B31.3 Leak Testing Requirements Overview

    Hot-Tapping

    Introduction to Hot Taps - Guidelines for Design and Installation

  • Calculations
    • Calculations
      • Unit Conversion
      • Pipe Wall Thickness
      • Pipe Support Span
      • Weight Calculations
      • Piping Stress Analysis
      • Construction Related
      • Flange Calculations

    Unit Conversion

    Length Conversion - Convert Length between various Units

    Pressure Conversion - Convert Pressure between various Units

    Volume Conversion - Convert Volume between various Units

    Pipe Wall Thickness

    Pipe Wall Thickness Calculation for Straight Pipe under External Pressure

    Pipe Wall Thickness Calculator for predefined Piping Materials

    Reinforcement of Branch Connection - ASME B31.3 Calculator

    Flange Calculations

    ASME Flange Loading Calculation

    Spade/Blank Thickness Calculator - ASME 150-900 RF Flat Ring Gaskets

    Spade/Blank Thickness Calculator - ASME 150 RF SPWD Gaskets

    Spade/Blank Thickness Calculator - ASME 300 RF SPWD Gaskets

    Spade/Blank Thickness Calculator - ASME 600 RF SPWD Gaskets

    Support Span

    Online Calculator - Pipe Support Span for Steel Piping

    Online Calculator - Pipe Support Span for Cu-Ni Piping

    Pipe to Pipe Spacing Calculator

    Pipe Weight and Properties

    Pipe Weight Calculator - Steel Pipes

    Properties of Pipe Calculator - Moment of Inertia and Modulus

    Stress Analysis

    Allowable Sress Values for Piping Materials - Calculator

    Forces on Pipe Bend due to Slug Flow

    Trunnion (Dummy) Support - Stress Online Calculation

    Construction Calculations

    Safe Distance and Stored Energy Calculator - Pneumatic Test

  • Site Map
  • Q&A
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    • Piping Specials Q&A
    • Stress Analysis Q&A
    • Piping Supports Q&A
    • Piping Construction Q&A
    • Pipeline Design Q&A
    • Piping Valves Q&A
    • Piping Materials Q&A
    • General Q&A
    • Recent Questions
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    Home
    Materials
    Metals
    Non-Metals
    Lined Piping
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    Materials Corrosion
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    Valves General
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    Plug Valve
    Butterfly Valve
    Diaphragm Valve
    Specials
    Strainer
    Steam Trap
    Expansion Joint
    Sight Glass
    Flame Arrestor
    Flange Guard
    Access Fitting
    Pig Signaller
    Insulating Gasket Kit
    Isolation Joint
    Pipe Penetration Seal
    Breather Valve
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    Design
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    Safety in Design
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    Stress Theory
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    GRE Pipe Supports
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    Piping Materials Q&A
    General Q&A
    Recent Questions

    Corrosion Resistant Overlay/Clad UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) Piping

    A Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA) barrier can provide enhanced corrosion and erosion resistance. Solid Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA) such as UNS N06625 are expensive and hence a CRA barrier over carbon steel piping is a cost-effective solution to solid CRA piping for severe service applications. Pipe cladding provide the means for achieving this barrier by a process of bonding two dissimilar metals. 

    Piping Topic: Nickel Alloys
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 1957

    Read more: Corrosion Resistant Overlay/Clad UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) Piping

    Types of Ring Type Joint (RTJ) Gaskets

    Ring joint gaskets are heavy duty metallic ring type joint gaskets and largely used in onshore and offshore upstream and downstream petroleum and petrochemical applications where high pressures and temperatures are encountered. Ring joint gaskets are manufactured according to ASME B16.20 and API 6A standards.

    Piping Topic: Gasket Design
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 12453

    Read more: Types of Ring Type Joint (RTJ) Gaskets

    Guidelines for Positive Material Identification (PMI)

    Positive Material Identification (PMI) is a process of verifying that the nominal chemical composition of the alloy components and associated welds have been correctly supplied, installed and documented as specified, thus minimizing the risk of component failure and release of hazardous or toxic liquids and gases.

    Piping Topic: Materials General
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 12688

    Read more: Guidelines for Positive Material Identification (PMI)

    Calculation of Thermal Force between Two Anchors

    When a piping system changes its condition from installation to operating, it will expand or contract depending on the service fluid temperature. If the piping system is provided with restraints, it will try to expand or contract against its restraints resulting in internal forces, moments and stresses.

    Piping Topic: Stress Theory
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 6543

    Read more: Calculation of Thermal Force between Two Anchors

    Selection of Constant Spring Hanger Support

    When a piping system experiences large vertical movements and if the variability at the point of support exceeds 25%, it is recommended to use contant support springs. As per MSS SP 58, constant support hangers shall be used on piping systems where the deviation in supporting force must be limited to 6 percent and which cannot be accommodated by a variable spring hanger. Constant support hangers are also referred to as constant effort supports.

    Piping Topic: Spring Support
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 4969

    Read more: Selection of Constant Spring Hanger Support

    ASME B31.3 Leak Testing Requirements Overview

    Hydrostatic Leak tests of welded piping systems serve the following purposes: a] qualify joints not included in the UT or radiographic examination and b] determine the leak tightness of the welded and flanged joints.

    Piping Topic: Testing
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 42007

    Read more: ASME B31.3 Leak Testing Requirements Overview

    Selection of Variable Spring Hanger Support

    MSS SP 58 defines variable spring hanger as a spring coil device which produces a varying supporting effect while permitting vertical pipe movement. Variable Spring Hangers are provided in piping systems to support the weight of the pipe and contents while accommodating the thermal expansion or contraction of the piping normally up to about 50-75mm and in exceptionally rare cases up to about 125 mm. 

    Piping Topic: Spring Support
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 7539

    Read more: Selection of Variable Spring Hanger Support

    Friction factor and Friction loads on piping systems

    As a piping system undergoes thermal expansion or contraction during its operating cycle, friction forces are generated at the pipe support locations. The friction force acts opposite to the direction of pipe displacement and could contribute significantly to reduction in piping flexibility and increased loads on anchors or connected equipments.

    Piping Topic: Supports General
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 7573

    Read more: Friction factor and Friction loads on piping systems

    Understanding Allowable Displacement Stress Range

    Secondary stress is developed in a piping system owing to constraint of the system against displacements, either due to thermal expansion or imposed anchor and restraint movements. As per ASME B31.3 section 302.3.5, the computed displacement stress range SE in a piping system shall not exceed the allowable displacement stress range SA calculated by the following equation:

    Piping Topic: Stress Theory
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 13741

    Read more: Understanding Allowable Displacement Stress Range

    Design of Pipe Rack - Layout Considerations

    Pipe rack can be considered as the main artery of a plant piping system. It offer a means to group and route plant piping in an organized manner. Pipe rack design is one of the significant aspects of plant design and a good design contrbutes to integrity and reliability of the plant and the associated structures. Piping inside the process plants are preferably routed on pipe racks and piping in the off-site areas are preferably routed on pipe sleepers. 

    Piping Topic: Process Plant Layout
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 28075

    Read more: Design of Pipe Rack - Layout Considerations

    Compressor Equipment and Piping Layout

    This article discusses equipment and piping layout considerations for compressors handling hydrocarbon gases though most of these requirements will apply to other compression facilities as well. Layout of gas compression facilities shall take into cognizance the accessiblity, maintenance and safety requirements. 

    Piping Topic: Process Plant Layout
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 8749

    Read more: Compressor Equipment and Piping Layout

    Modularization or Stick Built Design - Benefits and Risks

    Modularization involves prefabrication, installation and precommissioning of a complete plant unit at a location remote from the construction site with the objective of reducing on-site construction, cost and schedule. However, modular construction introduces certain risks in the project which need to be appropriately addressed to ensure that the benefits of modularization outweigh the risks.

    Piping Topic: Process Plant Layout
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 6031

    Read more: Modularization or Stick Built Design - Benefits and Risks

    Forces on Pipe Bend due to Slug Flow

    When fluid flows through a pipe bend or elbow, the fluid changes direction and hence there is a change in in momentum. As per Newtons Second Law: "The rate of change of momentum of a body is equal to the net force acting on the body". Slug forces are generated when there is 'two-phase' (gaseous and liquid phase) fluid flowing through pipes and slugs of liquid that are formed intermittently travel at relatively high velocity.

    Piping Topic: Stress Analysis Related Calculations
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 21831

    Read more: Forces on Pipe Bend due to Slug Flow

    Reinforcement of Branch Connection - ASME B31.3 Calculator

    Calculations for reinforcement of welded branch for ASME B31.3 are performed using the rules defined in section 304.3.3 of the code. The rules involve calculating the area removed from the header due to perforation in the branch and determining the replacement area available in the run pipe, branch pipe and the reinforcement pad including the welds.

    Piping Topic: Wall Thickness Calculations
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 25191

    Read more: Reinforcement of Branch Connection - ASME B31.3 Calculator

    Offshore Plant Facilities - Layout Considerations

    Though the fundamental principles of plant layout such as safety, operability, maintainability, constructability, compliance to process requirements and provision for future expansion apply to offshore plant layout as well, there are profound differences in how these principles are applied to offshore plant facilities. Offshore facilities layout are governed by many other factors such as helicopter approach, pipeline approach, jack-up rigs, drilling rigs, supply boat operations, installation barge and maintenance barge access, vessel mooring requirements etc. which are not applicable to onshore plant layout.

    Piping Topic: Layout Offshore Platforms
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 9604

    Read more: Offshore Plant Facilities - Layout Considerations

    Minimum Temperature without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials

    ASME B31.3 section 323.2 requires the designer to verify that the materials which meet other requirements of the code are suitable for service throughout the operating temperature range. The minimum temperature limits for various materials are provided in Table A-1 of the code and indicate the design minimum temperature for which the material is normally suitable without impact testing other than that required by the material specification.

    Piping Topic: Carbon Steel
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 22769

    Read more: Minimum Temperature without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials

    Pipe to Pipe Spacing Calculator

    Pipe spacing calculator is a convenient tool to calculate the minimum spacing between pipes. Spacing can be calculated based on pipe OD and flange OD, between two flange ODs or between two bare pipes. Select the applicable piping configuration from the four options provided to calculate the pipe center to center spacing.

    Piping Topic: Support Span Calculations
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 32672

    Read more: Pipe to Pipe Spacing Calculator

    Orifice Plates and Orifice Flanges for Flow Measurement

    An orifice plate is a flate piece of metal with a restricted bore that is mounted between two orifice flanges for the purpose of flow measurement or is mounted between pair of standard flanges to restrict flow. An orifice plate may be considered as the simplest form of differential pressure flowmeter or flow restriction device.

    Piping Topic: Process Plant Layout
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 15589

    Read more: Orifice Plates and Orifice Flanges for Flow Measurement

    Safe Distance and Stored Energy Calculator - Pneumatic Test

    Calculate minimum safe distances between piping system being pneumatically tested and personnel/plant facilities using ASME PCC-2 Mandatory Appendix 501-II and III equations. For details on the basis of this calculation and example manual calculation refer to the article on Pneumatic Testing - Safe Distances.

    Piping Topic: Construction Related Calculations
    Last Updated: 15 July 2023
    Hits: 58296

    Read more: Safe Distance and Stored Energy Calculator - Pneumatic Test

    Pipe Wall Thickness Calculator for predefined Piping Materials

    This article provides a convenient tool for calculating the design wall thickness for predefined piping materials for internal pressure. The basis of calculation is section 304.1.2 of ASME B31.3. The allowable stress values are based on 2014 edition of ASME B31.3. The allowable stress values and calculated thickness may vary slightly due to differences in allowable stress values in the current version of code. The calculated design wall thickness are in mm.

    Piping Topic: Wall Thickness Calculations
    Last Updated: 31 May 2023
    Hits: 21698

    Read more: Pipe Wall Thickness Calculator for predefined Piping Materials

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    Latest Piping Knowledge

    • Thermal Expansion Coefficient for Group 1 and Group 2 materials
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    • Dimensions of Class 600 Full Bore Ball Valves
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