Introduction to Valves in Piping Systems

Expired

The selection of valves is extremely important to the operation as well as overall economics of process plants. Valves serve the following major functions in design of process and utility systems:

  • Flow start and shut-off
  • Flow control
  • Flow diversion
  • Backflow prevention

Classification of Valves based on Function

Valves
PIPING VALVES
  • Isolation (on-off)
    • Gate valve
    • Ball valve
    • Plug valve
    • Piston valve
    • Diaphragm valve
    • Butterfly valve
    • Pinch valve
  • Regulation
    • Globe valve
    • Needle valve
  • Non-return
    • Swing check valve
    • Lift check valve
  • Special purpose
    • Knife gate valve
    • Line blind valve
    • Multi-port valve
    • Flush-bottom valve
    • Float valve
    • Foot valve

The American Petroleum Institute (API) standards for valves

  • API 6D – Pipe Line Valves, End Closures, Connectors and Swivels
  • API 6F – Recommended Practice for Fire Test valves
  • API 593 – Ductile Iron Plug Valves – Flanged Ends
  • API 598 – Valves Inspection and Test
  • API 600 – Steel Gate Valves
  • API 602 – Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves
  • API 604 – Ductile Iron Gate Valves – Flanged Ends
  • API 607 – Fire Test for Soft Seated Ball Valves

The Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and Fitting Industry – Standard Practices (MSS – SP) standards for Valves

  • MSS – SP – 42 : Class 150 corrosion resistant gate, globe and check valves
  • MSS – SP – 61 : Pressure testing of valves
  • MSS – SP – 67 : Butterfly Valves
  • MSS – SP – 68 : High Pressure off seat butterfly valves
  • MSS – SP – 70 : Cast iron gate valves
  • MSS – SP – 71 : Cast iron check valves
  • MSS – SP – 72 : Ball Valves
  • MSS – SP – 78 : Cast iron plug valves
  • MSS – SP – 80 : Bronze gate, globe and check valves
  • MSS – SP – 85 : Cast iron globe valves
  • MSS – SP – 88 : Diaphragm valves
  • MSS – SP – 108 : Resilient seated eccentric CI plug valves

The British Standards (BS) standards for Valves

  • BS 970 : Steel for Forging, Bars, Rods, valves steel, etc
  • BS 1212 : Specification for Float Operated Valves
  • BS 1414 : Gate Valves for Petroleum Industry
  • BS 1868 : Steel Check Valves for Petroleum Industry
  • BS 1873 : Steel Globe and Check Valves for Petroleum Industry
  • BS 2080 : Face to Face / End to End dimensions of Valves
  • BS 5150 : Cast Iron Wedge and Double Disc Gate Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5151 : Cast Iron Gate (Parallel slide) Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5152 : Cast Iron Globe and Check Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5153 : Cast Iron Check Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5154 : Copper alloy Globe, Gate and Check Valves
  • BS 5155 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Butterfly Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5156 : Diaphragm Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5157 : Steel Gate (parallel slide) Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5158 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Plug Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5159 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Ball Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5160 : Flanged Steel Globe and Check Valves for general purposes
  • BS 5163 : Flanged Cast Iron Wedge Gate Valves, smaller than 2”NB
  • BS 5353 : Specification for Plug Valves
  • BS 5433 : Specifications for underground stop valves for water
  • BS 6364 : Specifications for Valves for Cryogenic services
  • BS 6755 : Testing of Valves
  • BS 6759 : Safety Valves
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